Indications for chest drain insertion
- Pneumothorax
- in any ventilated patient
- tension pneumothorax after initial needle relief
- persistent or recurrent pneumothorax after simple aspiration
- large secondary spontaneous pneumothorax in patients over 50 years
- Malignant pleural effusion
- Empyema and complicated parapneumonic pleural effusion
- Traumatic haemopneumothorax
- Postoperative—for example, thoracotomy, oesophagectomy, cardiac surgery
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